Friday, December 27, 2019

Media s Impact On Society - 920 Words

Introduction The media industry is the state of our actuality. There are several different kind of media; there is the newspaper, radio, and television. Each category has its own different stage that has modeled the media to be as influential as it is in society today. Along with all other forms of media, newspapering has played a huge role in the way society view the industry. Through time many changes have occurred, are occurring, and will continue to develop in the future. The media has an immensely impact on society . Newspapers has been influential for hundreds of years. According to Tim Harrower in the third edition of â€Å"Inside Reporting†, In Caesar’s age, Romans read newspapers handwritten by slaves. Wandering minstrels spread news (and the plague) in the Middle Ages (Harrow 8). Through generations the way the people conduct the news have changed. The news was spread through the newsprint, voices on airwaves, movie newsreels, TV network newscast, media websites, and news apps for smartphones (Harrower 8). Thus, society seeks various ways to spread the news in the world today. The â€Å"penny press† is significant in the history of journalism in the U.S. because it allowed society to be able to afford the newspaper. Throughout colonial times, and actually down to the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscription, usually $8 to $10 a year (Douglas 3). Although this amount may not seem expensive today, in the 1830s the price of newspapers wereShow MoreRelatedMedia s Impact On Society956 Words   |  4 PagesThe media, or communication outlets, has a huge part in the racial divide, prejudices, oppressions and discriminations in America. These outlets include newspapers, television, internet, and/or radio. Over the recent years, stereotyping and discrimination has been greatly enhanced by media outlets. Even though the media has enhanced these harmful issues, the media can improve all of the factors by making changes to how they portray different races and ethnicities. â€Å"The media can influence peopleRead MoreMedia s Impact On Soc iety1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe media industry is the state of our actuality. Society expects for the news to keep them informed on what is going on around the world. There are several different kinds of media; there is the newspaper, radio, and television. Each category has its own different stage that has modeled the media to be as influential as it is in society today. Along with all other forms of media, newspapering has played a huge role in the way society view the media industry. Through time many changes have occurredRead MoreThe Media s Impact On Society951 Words   |  4 Pagesface because of their gender. The comment section of this video is erratic; the viewers often have conflicting views about the meaning of the video as well as whether or not it was successful in its purpose. One thing is for sure, the video makes an impact by using several rhetorical devices including word choice, pathos and logos; all which separate it from other pro-feminism videos that ex ist. FCKH8.com’s video made an abundance of creative decisions that made each of its viewers have an intenseRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Society s Society1375 Words   |  6 Pagesto be, a relevant issue in our society. While racism is not as prevalent as it was in the 1860’s, it is not any less significant. The relevance of racism today can partially be blamed on how the media portrays race. Media comes in all forms; print media, broadcast media, social media, etc. Each of these forms play an important role in our society. Media is the main communicator in today’s society. Society looks to media for information. This is a problem because media does not always have the properRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Society s Society1772 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: Media has played an instrumental role in shaping society especially Canadian society. There are many types of stream in media that has allowed Canadians to have a sense of closeness with their community and the country. A type of media that exemplifies this is the news. The news plays a crucial role informing the public about certain events that are happening around individuals’ lives and how these types of news are affecting them. In addition to that, the news also provides an entertainmentRead MoreSocial Media s Impact On Society1515 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society not all people welcome social media into their lives and thus restrict their access and or involvement when it comes to the abundances of social media outlets. However, social media has indeed taken the lives of our children, adolescents, and families by the collar. Social media plays a pivotal part affecting everyday life as we know it today. Despite these claims, the advancements in technology have evolved, thus creating a society that thrives on the dependency of social media outletsRead MoreMedia s Impact On The American Society2784 Words   |  12 PagesAmerican society is presented information over a wide range of events that we encounter in life throughout the history of the United States on account of media. Media presents ongoing information within the boundaries of the United States in addition to foreign affairs believed to be significant to the American public. The media has a massive influence and impact on the American society covering certain events that are taking place all over the world. However, sometimes media only covers one sideRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Women s Society2399 Words   |  10 PagesDissertation – Chapter 1 What impact does the media have on females in todays society? Mass media shapes the world and the ‘perfect’ female is depicted through magazines, TV, music, internet, billboards, toys, movies, commercials etc. on a daily basis, impacting women and girls on how to perceive their own bodies, how to look and how to behave. Beauty standards have changed throughout the decades, even centuries, and has always placed immense pressure on females. From 1400s-1700s, an overweightRead MoreSocial Media s Impact On Society1260 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor key in our society; such as Instagram, Twitter, and Snapchat. These apps were as another form of social media. It had opened a whole new world for people twelve and older; enabling them to share and memories, stories, and updates of their lives to their â€Å"followers†. Moreover, this way of sharing your life with others had brought in keen, automatic listeners. Which inevitably had also spread awareness like wildfire; the good or bad news. Nonetheless, this form of social media had an immense effectRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society s Picture Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesIcon based endorsements are no more confined to customary fight and thus youth commonly change channels amid ads. Games symbol s picture is the significant deciding element that oversees the organization s item advancement and the shopper s buy choice. Sports legends have ended up mindful of their picture in embracing a brand and this thusly has praised their fame in the midst of youth (Brilliant Barry 2010). The social change includes by the administration peculiarities sports symbols that go

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Tell Tale Heart And The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow

The Themes â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† One of Washington Irving’s short and most famous stories ‘The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’ has become a ghoulish characteristic yet an individual might still be unaccustomed with its idiocy (Hoffman, 425). Based on the real legend of Ichabod Crane, the story reveals how he disappeared. For that reason, the story revolves around the themes of wealth, appearances, truth, warfare, supernatural, gluttony and greed. On the other hand, The Tell-Tale Heart is a short story that has been written by Edgar Allen Poe. Within the story, Poe reveals two major themes of madness and guilt whereby the narrator unable to deal with his guilt making him confess everything to the police†¦show more content†¦Unlike â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, ‘The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’ plot is built around the main theme of superstition. Ichabod tends to be horrified and terrified with the Headless horseman stories. ‘Irving depicts a strong, controversial understan ding between the supernatural superstitions the townspeople believed and the natural Sleepy Hollow setting ‘(Hoffman, 425). Despite the story describing in details the natural setting such as trees and birds of the area, there is also a vibrant understanding of privileging supernatural ideas. For instance, Irving believes that it is simply Brom Bones in disguise when finally, the headless horseman appeared. In â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow†, Washington Irving prominently illustrates the power of imagination. Ichabod being rather foolish and comedic protagonist explains the strength of his thoughts, despite that this leads him to his downfall. In spite of the fact that Ichabod’s main pleasure is to either hear or read stories about demons, ghosts, and witches; however, since he has powerful imagination making him believe that almost everything is supernatural. His creative ability in its fantasizing capacity does, in any case, truly influence his life in that it fortifies his barrenness. ‘Ichabod s creative ability is powerful to the point that he trusts himself basically as of now the proprietor of the Van Tassel cultivate ‘(Hoffman, 426). Since he gets such aShow MoreRelatedIchabod Crane: The Man and the Movie Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesWashington Irving’s â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† is a magnificent short story, with action, supe rstition, and a little humor all rolled into one. The story of the headless horseman has scared little children of Sleepy Hollow for many years. Then along came Hollywood and decided that Washington Irving’s â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† needed something more. Hollywood needed a more exciting main character in Ichabod Crane and story line to appeal to the twentieth century. Washington Irving had to writeRead More Abandoning the Puritan Past in Irvings The Legend of Sleepy Hollow1586 Words   |  7 PagesAbandoning the Puritan Past in Irvings The Legend of Sleepy Hollow One of the first literary movements in America was that of the Puritans. Their writing was intended to instruct on the glories of God and to instigate a readers reflection on his or her place in Gods universe. Nature, in Puritan writing, was a frightening entity. God created nature so that the Puritans (and others less worthy) could scratch out a living in this world, but nature was also where spirits, witchesRead More Washington Irving’s The Legend of Sleepy Hollow vs. The 1980s Television Movie1745 Words   |  7 Pages When we compare Washington Irving’s The Legend of Sleepy Hollow to the 1980 television movie The Legend of Sleepy Hollow starring Meg Foster, Dick Butkus, and Jeff Goldblum, we find that while there are several similarities between the two, there are also some key differences. When we look at various characters as well as the storyline, we see those similarities and differences. Washington Irving’s depiction of Katrina Van Tassel is that she was â€Å"a little of a coquette† and liked to mixRead More Tim Burton’s Sleepy Hollow Essay3225 Words   |  13 PagesComparing Tim Burton’s Sleepy Hollow with Washington Irving’s â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† In examining Washington Irving’s â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† alongside Tim Burton’s film adaption of the story, titled â€Å"Sleepy Hollow,† a number of fascinating similarities and differences emerge. Though elements of the characters and settings of Burton’s film borrow heavily from Irving’s text, the overall structuring of the film is significantly different, and representations of various elementsRead MoreThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow - Summary and Analysis11462 Words   |  46 PagesThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow Summary and Analysis Major Themes Veracity in Storytelling Veracity in storytelling is a defining theme of â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.† The story is distantly removed from the reader—Crayon has found the story in Diedrich Knickerbocker’s papers, who is dead, and who at the end of the story writes that he heard it from an old gentleman, who claimed to not have even believed half of it himself, ultimately getting much of the story from primary or even other secondaryRead MoreAnalysis of The Romantic Elements In Sleepy Hollow1911 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel Sleepy Hollow, by Peter Lerangis, several elements of the Romantic period of literature are evident. Themes carry throughout the novel that suggest a strong Romantic influence upon the text. The story is rich in colorful figurative language and contains a spell-binding plot that leaves the reader feeling very satisfied. In the midst of such an enchanting story are the Romantic themes, such as a deep appreciation of nature in conjunction with the condemnatio n of city life, exaltationRead MoreThe Legend Of The Sleepy Hollow By Washington Irving956 Words   |  4 PagesSociety has always judged women by certain norms and standards, yet it seems as if men do not have that pressure from society to act in a certain manner. However, in in his short story â€Å"The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow† Washington Irving argues otherwise, illustrating the main character, Ichabod, as being invasive and often inclined to put himself in uncomfortable situations. These characteristics alienate him from the norms of society and lead him to be perceived differently from the other male charactersRead More Irving Textual Analysis of The Legend Of Sllepy Hollow Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pages Textual Analysis of quot;The Legend of Sleepy Hollowquot; 1.) Romantic Description: a. pg. 715 - quot;there is a little valley, or rather lap of land, among high hills, which is one of the quietest places in the whole world.   A small brook glides through it, with just a murmur enough to lull one to repose; and the occasional whistle of a quail, or tapping of a woodpecker, is almost the only sound that ever breaks in upon the uniform tranquility.quot; Irving describes nature as an untouchableRead MoreThe Legend Of The Sleepy Hollow944 Words   |  4 PagesWashington Irving became the first American writer of the nineteenth century to achieve an international literary reputation .One of his greatest tales is â€Å"The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow† is set in a village on the Hudson River (Tarry Town), in which the author created two important characters throughout the story. Ichabod Crane and Brom Bones compete against each other in order to get a woman’s hand in marriage. Although they both want the same girl does not mean that they share more in commonRead MoreAnalysis Of The Writings Of Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allan Poe1335 Words   |  6 Pagesthe past’ (2506), whereas Poe and Hawthorne had a contrary view of the past (Liptak). Irving Washington (1783-1859), best known for his five volume biographies of George Washington, and his short essays titled ‘Rip Van Winkle’ ‘the legendary of sleepy Hallow’, was born in New York City (Lauter 2505). Widely considered as America’s first professional writer, Irving supported himself and his family by writing biographies, and storytelling. He was such an influential writers that he was a role model

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Final Research Proposal Gambling Industry in Australia

Question: Describe about the Final Research Proposal for Gambling Industry in Australia. Answer: A business research topic The research proposal investigates the gambling industry within Australia and its nature. It also investigates the people and the industry that benefit and the ones that lose because of this industry. The result is obtained by investing the gambling industry within Australia. Gambling industry has its own benefit and consequences in Australia. Gambling is use of money for an event that is uncertain and whose outcome is not known. Many Australians are indulged in gambling activity. The research is based on individuals and groups that are attached with gambling sector. The highest rate of gambling is recorded in Australia. Approximately eighty percent of the Australians are indulged in some kind of gambling or the other. Four percent of the population in Australia spends sixty-two percent of the income in gambling annually. Very few people and agencies benefit from gambling while major part of the population faces negative consequences because of gambling (Barratt et al. 2014). Various types of gambling are casino activities, pokers, lotteries, horseracing, internet gambling, match fixing and many more. Most of the Australians are indulged in gambling by playing poker. Gambling has both social and economic impact. The social impact of gambling includes crime, employment, heath issues, social capital issues and socioeconomic activity. The economic impacts of gambling include government revenue, personal income, business revenue and failure and infrastructure and regulator cost. The disadvantages of gambling are greater than benefits. Gambling is beneficial to government as it earns revenue in form of taxes charged on money earned from gambling. It is also beneficial to the hotels and bar owners as people who visit clubs to play gambling stay in hotels and purchase drinks that brings revenue to the hospitality industry. A brief literature review The number of casinos and gambling industry is growing in Australia. According to Canale et al. (2015), Gambling has both social and economic cost in society. Eighty percent of the Australians are engaged in gambling which accounts for highest rate of gambling in the world. According to Posner (2013), the economic cost of gambling is higher than the social cost. Gambling as an impact on retail, tourism, and entertainment industry. It also has an impact on the commonwealth state and territory budget. The gambling industries According to Miller et al. (2016), Gambling is an activity of staking money in uncertain events that is driven by chance. It is more of consumption expenditure rather than investment because people are not certain about earning money by investing in gambling. Gambling has a high chance of losing money. The activities are speculative in nature. As said by Thomas et al. (2012), Gambling industries are the organizations that support the activities and services of gambling such as casinos, clubs, hotels, sports enterprises and lottery organizations. Most of the people are engaged in illegal gambling that is not registered. Key features of gambling industry As opined by Markham and Young (2015), some of the key features of gambling industries and its recent expansion are as follows: The expansion of gambling industries began with the spread of casinos and poker machines in clubs and hotels. The lottery products became more diverse which led to the expansion of sports betting due to the introduction of internet gambling. Gambling has become more accessible and convenient, due to which the gambling industry is growing and expanding. The introduction of electronic machines and an increase in tempo of gambling has led to a more frequent use of race meetings and lottery draws. The involvement of large corporations and privatization of traditional gambling and lottery services has led to the expansion of gambling industries. Promotion and advertisement of gambling has led to the expansion of gambling industries (Thomas and Thomas 2015). Evolution of gambling industry in Australia Australia has a long history of gambling industry. The country has made great contributions in the development of gambling industry. The totalisator used in racing was invented in Australia. The country is also indulged in many legal manufacturing of gambling machines and occupies the top position in the world of technologies. In addition, the first internet regulated casino site was established in the Northern territory that was government regulated. However, legal gambling is only confined to lotteries and racing in most states. The gaming machines have been established only in New South Wales clubs. Legalization and technological development has led to the rapid transformation of gambling industry (Spurrier and Blaszczynski 2014). Gambling industries contribution to Gross domestic product of Australia is one and a half percent. Gambling industries has led to an increase in employment with restaurants, bars and hotels employing more of people. The percentage of female employees and part time employees is higher in gambling industries than male. Benefits of gambling According to Loh et al. (2015), the gambling industries also seek to satisfy the needs and the demands of the consumers visiting gambling houses. The benefits of gambling can be divided into two parts. The first part relates to consumers side while the second part relates to production side of gambling industries. Benefits of gambling to consumers The benefit of gambling to consumers is not measured in quantity or economic gain. It is measured in terms of pleasure and satisfaction that they derive from the activities of gambling. According to Harvey et al. (2015), many people gamble because of enjoyment that they gain from visiting clubs, risks, thrill experience and the social interaction. Many people gamble to seek entertainment win a hope of gaining some money in return. However, gambling is addiction to the gamblers. The benefit can be measured by recognizing the extent to which the consumers are better off. Benefits of gambling to producers Gambling industry is beneficial to the producers both directly and indirectly. The benefits of gambling to the producers are in terms of income, jobs, expenditures and trade associations. Gambling leads to the generation of employment and the utilization of resources that could have been utilized elsewhere in other industries such as entertainment industry. The revenue generated from gambling is a taxable income and hence adds to the revenue of the economy that the government can use for the betterment of the country. Disadvantages or loses of gambling According to Gainsbury et al. (2015), the cost or loses of gambling is higher than the benefits. It has both the social as well as economic cost. The major impact of gambling is on the health and well-being of people. Gambling leads to loss of personal income. The social cost of Australia of problem gambling was estimated to be at least 4.7 billion dollars each year. The social costs of gambling according to Hing et al. (2016) are: treatment cost and cost of curing illness legal cost psychological cost family and friends physical and psychological cost Gambling also leads to rise in crime and social and family tensions. People become addicted to gambling due to which they lose money. In some of the situations, they even do not have money to feed their families due to which crime rate rises. Gambling also often leads to decline in health and leads to rise in suicide. Hence, gambling has more of a negative impact and is counted as a cost to society as well as economy. One percent of the adults in Australia experience significant health problems due to gambling. Research questions The aim of the research is to investigate the gambling Industry within Australia and find out its benefit and losses in the Australian market. The research questions are explained in a descriptive approach that is based on the research conducted by the researcher. The research is done on the individuals and groups attached with gambling industry to find its nature and the impact of the industry. The investigation is based on the research questions that are as follows: How did gambling industry evolve in Australia and what impact does it have on economy? Which stakeholders benefit from gambling industry? What are the consequences of gambling industry? Research hypothesis The null and alternate hypothesis defines the research hypothesis. Null hypothesis H (0): The gambling industry has a negative impact within the Australian economy, which is greater than the benefits. Alternate hypothesis H (1): The gambling industry has a positive impact within the Australian economy, which is greater than the negative impact. Research methodologies and techniques To conduct the research and find the answers to the questions there are various methods available. The researcher has used descriptive approach for this particular research as all the answers are described descriptively. The researcher also uses exploratory study and analysis for this research. The researcher uses interpretivism research philosophy in order to test the validity of the assumptions taken to explain the research. The research is done on Australian gambling industry to find its nature and the impact of gambling industry. The research is done to find out the social and economic impacts of gambling in Australia. Two types of research method include qualitative and quantitative strategies. For this particular research, the researcher used quantitative study and analysis where the information for the research was collected from the consultative process (Field 2015). The research was also done through an online survey where the researcher prepared unstructured questions for t he professionals involved with gambling in Australia. Inductive approach is used following quantitative strategy by preparing questionnaire that is investigated through consultative process and online survey. A project plan using a Gantt Chart Literature Review is due on Week 6. Data Collection and Analysis Report are due on Week 10. Final Research Thesis due on Week 14. Figure: Gantt chart (Source: created by author) The research process The research process highlights the research outline mentioning the research method and the outcome of the research. The entire research is conducted step by step from the beginning till the end of investigation. The first step is to identify the research topic and get it approved. The research topic in this case is investigation of gambling industry within Australia to find out the nature of the industry and its benefits and loses as a consequence of the industry. The second step after research topic is literature review where the researcher presents the theoretical views of various authors. The third step is to decide the method of the research approach. In this case, the researcher uses quantitative strategy for the research. The research approach is descriptive and inductive in approach. It presents an exploratory study where the assumptions are formed to test its validity. The researcher has used the secondary sources for data collection. The secondary sources include various Australian websites and research papers and journal articles. The data that is collected is analyzed using primarily interactive system and SPSS tool to test the validity of hypothesis. The population sample survey includes professionals of Australia that is involved with the gambling industry. The step by step procedure is followed according to the fundamental paradigm. Data collection and analysis methods The two types of data collection method include primary and secondary sources. For this particular research the data is collected using the secondary sources. The research included secondary sources where the data was collected from various Australian official websites, government official websites, journals, articles, books, and previous research papers. Collecting data from secondary sources is more cost effective and less time-consuming (Creswell 2013). The researcher collected the data from the websites of the clubs that provide gambling services to the customers. Previous research papers were also studies to know the impact of gambling on the people of Australia. The next step after data collection is data analysis. The data that was collected was analyzed using various approach. The data from different sources were analyzed separately and the compared. Primarily narrative was used to analyze the data. The responses of the people were analyzed using SPSS software that was categorized and analyzed from a scale of one to ten. The analysis was further plotted in an excel sheet to obtain pie charts and bar diagram to compare and contrast the result and answer the questions. The entire research is based on identification of problem, conducting surveys, providing theoretical framework, and finally providing the solution. Expected research outcomes From the entire study and research, it is expected that the null hypothesis will be accepted while the alternate hypothesis will be rejected. This is so because the negative social and economic cost of gambling is higher than the economic and social benefits. Gambling has its major impact on the health of the people of Australia. The Australian government relies heavily on the tax for revenue generated from the gambling industry. This is expected to be the reason for the Australian economy to go backwards. Many people in Australia is involved in gambling, It is expected that the gambling industry is well developed in Australia both technologically and socially. Australia is advanced in the use of electronic machines and internet in the gambling industry. Government in Australia is trying to make changes in the trend of use of poker machine to make life easier and remove the ill effects of gambling. Poker is the most played game in Australia in the gambling industry while few people p lay it for entertainment and leisure while few are addicted and play it to satisfy their need for money. Gambling has its impact on tourism, and entertainment industry. Gambling leads to improvement of tourism sector as people who are addicted to gambling start visiting that place often. The revenue generated from tourism industry also increases. References Barratt, M.J., Livingston, M., Matthews, S. and Clemens, S.L., 2014. Gaming machine density is correlated with rates of help-seeking for problem gambling: a local area analysis in Victoria, Australia.Journal of Gambling Issues, pp.1-21. Canale, N., Vieno, A., Griffiths, M.D., Rubaltelli, E. and Santinello, M., 2015. How do impulsivity traits influence problem gambling through gambling motives? The role of perceived gambling risk/benefits.Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,29(3), p.813. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Field, T., 2015. The benefits and limitations of quantitative data collection to the literature review data collection. Gainsbury, S.M., King, D.L., Hing, N. and Delfabbro, P., 2015. Social media marketing and gambling: An interview study of gambling operators in Australia.International Gambling Studies,15(3), pp.377-393. Gainsbury, S.M., Russell, A., Hing, N., Wood, R., Lubman, D. and Blaszczynski, A., 2015. How the Internet is changing gambling: Findings from an Australian prevalence survey.Journal of Gambling Studies,31(1), pp.1-15. Harvey, P., Smith, D. and Bertossa, S., 2015. Gambling, society and the evolution of risk-taking. Hing, N., Russell, A.M., Gainsbury, S.M. and Blaszczynski, A., 2016. A case of mistaken identity? A comparison of professional and amateur problem gamblers.Journal of Gambling Studies,32(1), pp.277-289. Loh, C.M., Deegan, C. and Inglis, R., 2015. The changing trends of corporate social and environmental disclosure within the Australian gambling industry.Accounting Finance,55(3), pp.783-823. Markham, F. and Young, M., 2015. Big Gambling: The rise of the global industry-state gambling complex.Addiction Research Theory,23(1), pp.1-4. McManus, P. and Graham, R., 2014. Horse racing and gambling: Comparing attitudes and preferences of racetrack patrons and residents of Sydney, Australia.Leisure Studies,33(4), pp.400-417. Miller, H.E., Thomas, S.L., Smith, K.M. and Robinson, P., 2016. Surveillance, responsibility and control: an analysis of government and industry discourses about problem and responsible gambling.Addiction Research Theory,24(2), pp.163-176. Posner, E., 2013. Benefit-cost analysis for financial regulation.The American Economic Review,103(3), pp.393-397. Spurrier, M. and Blaszczynski, A., 2014. Risk perception in gambling: A systematic review.Journal of Gambling Studies,30(2), pp.253-276. Thomas, S.L. and Thomas, S.D., 2015. The Big gamble: the need for a comprehensive research approach to understanding the causes and consequences of gambling harm in Australia.Australasian Epidemiologist,22(1), p.39. Thomas, S.L., Lewis, S., McLeod, C. and Haycock, J., 2012. They are working every angle. A qualitative study of Australian adults' attitudes towards, and interactions with, gambling industry marketing strategies.International Gambling Studies,12(1), pp.111-127.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Joy of Theater Essay Example For Students

The Joy of Theater Essay For the last four years, I have attended the Marin School Of The Arts (MSA) in Novato California. MSA seeks to give students the opportunity to express themselves in many different artistic forms, such as acting, musical theater, visual arts, dance, creative writing and film. MSA seemed like a perfect place to cultivate my love and passion for theater. Unfortunately, it is a half an hour away from my home in Sonoma. So with the tenacity that can only be found in stage mothers, a carpool was arranged by the saintly parents of Sonoma California, whose children had become, at this point, too far into the love of art to ever be pulled back out. We will write a custom essay on The Joy of Theater specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This lovely team of rag tag teens and anxious mothers and fathers made the half an hour treck over 5,600 times (More if you care to calculate the friendly visits, rehearsals, shows and such). I have completed ten shows in my time at MSA. The count currently is four musicals, three cabarets, two spring plays and one bout of technical crew. I loved and hated every single thing I did at my crazy, different little magnet school, and I wouldn’t change a thing. Because I feel that when you are given an opportunity like that so early in life, it can either make you swear off theater forever, or, like in my case, send you into an addiction and need for theater so great, that nothing will ever be able to cure that bug. I did not start off my career in musical theater in high school. It came much earlier, when I was given the chance to play â€Å"Snoopy† in a production of â€Å"You’re A Good Man Charlie Brown. † Everything just snowballed from there. In my 13 years of theater, I have been lucky enough to be involved in 15 theatrical productions. Three of these was served on technical crew, where I learned a new appreciation for everyone in the theater not just the actors or directors, but the people who buy three dollar iced tea from Starbucks because the iced tea we had been using for fake scotch was not to our Gypsy’s liking. Being part of a tech crew really gave me insight as to why I want to be the one onstage, instead of pulling a rope backstage. People say that acting gives them the ability to become someone else for a few hours. While I agree with this, I would like to make a slight alteration in the previous statement. Acting gives me the ability, not only to become someone else, but the ability to really become me. For me, there is no truer expression of self, than baring your guts to an auditorium full of people who you don’t know. They may hate you and wish to see you fall flat on your face. But it is your job to do the best job you can, regardless of what other people think. Unless its your director, then it really matters. I really want to be on Broadway. â€Å"Really want† doesn’t even actually begin to express my feelings of wanting, but thats why Im writing a whole essay. I know that in this business, I will face a lot of rejection. You may even reject me, but thats how I reassure myself that I really do belong in theater. Because no matter how many nos or â€Å"We are looking for someone blondes I will hear, I low there will be someone out there who will say â€Å"yes† to me. I belong here, and I know someone will think I am good enough. The ability for me to be able to say that to myself, over and over again, is imperative. And as long as I can do that and forge ahead, I know I belong in the game. .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .postImageUrl , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:hover , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:visited , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:active { border:0!important; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:active , .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7acd1cee5a08fae34f78663e3eb155ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Written play EssayI want to make my living as a performance artist. The knowledge and satisfaction one must receive from being able to purchase necessary items of living with money they earned from doing what they love most in the world must be priceless. Performers are so lucky. If they are employed, they are given the chance to get out in front of people and share the love and warmth that they have. Because unlike toll collectors, and trash men (who are indeed a very big part of our society), performers are allowed to do their lives goal. There is no better feeling in the world for me, than after a show, when someone you have never seen before comes up and is either smiling or crying, and thanks you for doing what you love most. Because unlike the trash men, who take away your garbage and resent you for it (I’m guessing), you are thanked for doing your job and sharing your emotions. It is still shocking to me, even after my comparatively short career! And the really best part? It makes me feel good. Picking one piece of art that has affected me is very difficult. Herein, because you ask me to pick one. The piece of art that has affected me most is a song. Now I don’t know if you have ever heard it, I hope you have for it is musical theater after all. At the end of the musical â€Å"Les Misarables,† after practically everyone in the story has died (sorry, spoilers), there is a very, very quiet beginning of a song. It is the very last â€Å"reprise† or piece of music you hear in the show. It sounds almost exactly like â€Å"Do You Hear The People Sing. † This piece begins so softly and so quietly, it is almost a whisper, sung by the defeated French army of rebels and women and children. It grows from almost nothing, to a rousing march, growing into a full blown musical finale. This particular piece is what I listen to whenever I feel doubtful about theater. Perhaps I didn’t get a part or I have to sing alto instead of my preferred soprano in a group number. I will shove my electric blue ear-buds in and crank the volume so I can hear the beginning whispers of the deceased. As the faint whisper begins to grow, I feel the hair on the back of my neck and my arms stand up. As the chorus breaks into â€Å"Do You Hear The People Sing? † my eyes get the familiar sting that comes right before I start crying. I can feel the freedom re-enter my soul when I hear them sing â€Å"tomorrow comes. † Because the song reminds me, no matter how bad today is, tomorrow will come and you can make it better. When I was doing the last of my three technical crew opportunities, the show was in fact â€Å"Les Mis. † It was a particularly stressful time in my life, due to the fact I was taking two classes over the summer, along with six hours of dance everyday, combined with my technical duties, which took place every night from 5 to 10 (Later if we were doing a show with a tech call of 4:00 and the long show going until 11:30). I would periodically cry a little on my breaks where my actor friends would try to tell me it was okay and I shouldn’t worry, and my Assistant Stage Manager would tell me to come inside because someone needed to move the cheese platter. After three hours of hearing French people die, I would quietly sit backstage in the dark during Val Jean’s death. Everyone had to go on stage for my favorite song in the show, except my very good friend Ryan, who was playing Master Thenarlier. .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .postImageUrl , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:hover , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:visited , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:active { border:0!important; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:active , .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9 .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uadc9023e429d40a56e54dda747b3d6e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nendel EssayWe would wait until the music had built enough for us to sing along and not be heard from backstage. The combination of doing something I wasn’t supposed to, singing this emotional song, and having a very good friend to do it with, would make me tear up and remember why I loved theater so much. Which is why listening to the song reminds me that in theater there is love, there are so many opportunities, and tomorrow will always come for you to go out and audition. There is always joy in the theater, and sharing it is one of the biggest joys.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Peapod Online Grocery Shopping free essay sample

Pea Pod Behaviors and Comparison What behaviors are involved in online grocery shopping? How does online grocery shopping compare with traditional shopping in terms of behavioral effort? The behaviors involved in online grocery shopping are information contact, funds access, and transaction. The information contact â€Å"†¦occurs when consumers come into contact with information, either intentionally or accidentally, about products, stores, or brands†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 95) Funds access or money â€Å"†¦is the primary medium of consumer exchange. The consumer must access this medium in one form or another before an exchange can occur†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 198) I do not believe that the store contact or the product contact is applicable here since the purchases are being made online and not in a brick and mortar store which would allow the customer to see, touch, and feel the items they wish to purchase. The behavioral efforts found in a n online grocery shopping can be described as in an emergency case only. We will write a custom essay sample on Peapod: Online Grocery Shopping or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Online shopping is used when the customer does not have enough time to get into the supermarket to shop. Yet the success of Pea Pod relies on these types of customers for the success of their continued business. The behaviors of traditional shopping are information contact, funds access, store contact, product contact, and transaction. What both the online and traditional shopper has in common are the consumption and disposition, and the communication. Consumers What types of consumers are likely to value online grocery shopping from Peapod? The type of consumers that are likely to value online grocery shopping from Peapod are the busy consumers, women, older people, people without cars (if the stores are not walking distance) and the â€Å"dual-income families (that) are strapped for time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 209) to name a few. These customers may feel as if they have no time to get into a brick and mortar store. Their careers and quick paced life may make it inconvenient to take time from their day to get this task of grocery shopping done. Yet, with Peapod, they can order whatever they need online and they know that it will get delivered at their specified time. They did not have to drive to a store, park their car, walk into the store, find a cart or a basket, walk the aisles to pick their products, get on line to pay, put the items on the belt, pay for their items, bag their items, walk back to the car, load the car, drive home, unload the car, and put their groceries away. Peapod saves them all of the steps except for going online and picking the items, paying, and putting the items away once delivered. Opinion and Comparison Overall, what do you think about the idea of online grocery shopping? How does it compare with simply eating in restaurants and avoiding grocery shopping and cooking altogether? I will answer this question from a personal standpoint and not from data or information found in the specified reading. The idea of online shopping definitely intrigues me but I cannot find myself doing it. I can understand the need for this type of service based on the convenience but it is not for me. As a 46 year old career woman who is very rarely home, because of my required travels, I am the perfect customer for an online shopping program. Peapod is created and geared towards making my shopping experience easy and effortless but my better judgment goes against it. I am of the old fashioned belief that I need to see, touch, smell, and feel everything I purchase. I cannot find myself allowing someone else to pick the same pack of steak I would. How would the person picking my order know which stalk of broccoli I would pick had I done it myself? Although, I am usually limited for time, a trip to the grocery store, for me, is a fun and relaxing way to get the items I need to prepare the meals while I am at home. Interestingly enough, my grocery store of preference is Stop n’Shop which is the owner of Peapod. (J. Paul Peter, 2010, p. 209) Stop n’Shop has a system in their stores to allow the customer on the run to save a few steps and helps them get out the door quicker. They have scanning guns at the entrance of the store that a customer can use to scan their items and allow them to then put them directly into their shopping bag. Once all the shopping is done, you take the scanner to a register where the items you have scanned will download onto a screen which then allows you to pay for your purchase. It saves the time by not having to take all of your items out, put them on the belt, wait for a cashier to scan and charge the items, and then put them into bags. I have found this process to be wonderful and time saving for me. While, as I mentioned above, I am not a fan of online shopping and when compared to eating out; it is safe to say that buying nline will be cost effective as compared to a restaurant. Eating out all of the time instead of buying groceries and cooking at home will become very expensive. Also, the time spent getting to the restaurant, placing the order, waiting for the preparation, eating (if you are staying in), paying the bill, then getting back home will be a much longer process in time as compared to shopping and cooking at home. References J. Paul Peter, J. C. (2010). Consumer Behavio r amp; Marketing Strategy (9th Edition ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Essay on White Fang

Essay on White Fang Essay on White Fang This is a free sample essay on White Fang: The portrayal of the child figure is represented in the three novels Black Beauty, The Jungle Books, and White Fang. The use of this motif allows the audience to view the transformation of â€Å"children† into mature beings. In these novels, we watch Black Beauty, Mowglii, and White Fang grow from unshaped, unknowing beings primarily through the guidance of character who are not even their real parents but serve as mother figures. These characters (Beauty, Mowglii, and White Fang) learn the â€Å"rules† of their environment from many different characters and sources throughout the novel. These experiences (both positive and negative) in which they utilize what they know and grow from their mistakes (or misfortunes) are what helps in the rearing and guidance of the child figures on their path of learning. In all three novels, the reader is introduced to the child figures (Black Beauty, Mowglii, and White Fang) really at the beginning of their life. The only possible exception here is that you don’t know initially where Mowglii came from but this introduction is at the beginning of his life in the jungle. This portrayal of the child allows that reader to see them as the naÐ ¿ve clean slates they are, waiting for guidance and education. In Black Beauty, Beauty is portrayed from birth as a valuable addition to the farm and is named for his striking appearance. This ideal impression of the child figure conveys to the reader that although things are good now for this little colt, he will inevitably face hardships during his transformation that will shape him into a truly valuable being. In The Jungle Books, Mowglii is initially portrayed as a happy-go-lucky man cub who isn’t intimidated the least by his new surroundings. This confidence and fearlessness sets the scene for th e leader that Mowglii will become at the end of his transformation into adulthood. After being accepted into the wolf pack, he is nicknamed â€Å"frog†. This title is representative of the changes he will undergo throughout his adventures. It clearly indicates that Mowglii will become a new being. In the novel White Fang, White Fang is introduced almost immediately as the strongest of the litter. This child figure representation is yet again one that predicts the future of the being. This portrayal of White Fang as strong, aggressive and independent carries through to his adulthood as he gains the reputation for being one of the most savage dogs of the North. The difference here between The Jungle Books and White Fang is the initial portray of white Fang is not reflective of the mature caring dog he becomes. It is interesting to note here that although it seemed White Fang’s fate to become a savage wild beast, he in the end becomes a domesticated house pet with the proper compassion and guidance from his determined master, Weedon Scott. In these three novels, each of the characters portraying the child figure is educated about the ways of their world not only verbally, but also by their life experiences (or predicaments). In Black Beauty, Beauty really doesn’t face much of the conflict or harsh realities of the world outside his rosy picture. His seems to represent a protected child initially. He notices how his barn mate, Ginger, misbehaves and wonders how she could that way with such a giving and caring master. He is at the immature point in his life where he doesn’t realize that there is life outside of his own homestead. Even when Ginger tells Beauty of some of her life experiences and how they have shaped the â€Å"person† that she is today, Beauty can only sympathize. He cannot be fully affected by these realities until he, himself is exposed to them. Although he has had second hand exposure from Gingers tales, he cannot learn the lessons and change as a being unless he experiences life fo r himself. In The Jungle Books, Mowglii is protected by Bagheera, the black panther, and is taught the laws of the jungle by Baloo, the brown bear. Although it seems Mowglii is equipped with what he needs to make it in his new world, he faces many dangers of which only he can attempt to avoid. Mowglii has been provided the information of right and wring in the jungle, now it is up for this child to use his smarts to survive. After all, he is sought after by the jungle bully, Shere Khan, who wants Mowglii dead if for no other reason but to regain some of his own pride. The audience sees Mowglii’s transformation as a naÐ ¿ve child to an aggressive member of his society to a compassionate leader of his own people. This only occurs after the child figure obeys the laws of the jungle and utilizes what he has learned. In White Fang, the transformation of the child figure from a savage wolf to a civilized dog is remarkable. White Fang was reared to fend for himself. Although he also had this innate sense as he is three-quarters wolf, he was surrounded by experiences (whether it was famine or brutal fights) that taught him that it was the way of the wild to â€Å"eat or be eaten†. It seemed throughout most of this novel this â€Å"wild child† had no chance of ever being tamed. Ironically, it is the harsh environments that White Fang is exposed to (by the way of Gray Beaver and Beauty Smith), that help him in his transformation from the aggressive wolf to the house pet. Through the harsh guidance of Gray Beaver, White Fang learns obedience, work ethic and loyalty to his master, traits he would have never acquired if he had just lived in the wild. It is arguable, however, that White Fang didn’t necessarily need to be subjected to such harsh treatments become the Beloved Wolf. On t he other hand, these experiences allowed him to appreciate the care he received from his most humane master, Weedon Scott. It is after all, through the patience, understanding, and dedication of Scott that White Fang evolves from a savage wild child into a domestic family dog. Children are a product of their environment. This explanation is used even today to describe why people behave the way that they do. This idea is present in the novels discussed previously as well as in other works of 19th century children’s literature. You see in â€Å"The Little Match Girl† from Andersen’s Fairy Tales, how the poor pathetic child is reduced to keeping herself warm by lighting the matches that she is supposed to be selling. This account is a direct reflection of the pathetic world she was raised in. This exploitation of the child results in her untimely death. In The Waterbabies, it is how this idea is portrayed. Initially, Tom wants to be just like his miserable master, as that is all that he knows. Through his transformation under water, be becomes a product of a better environment. Also in Wilde’s â€Å"The Ugly Duckling†, the duckling feels ugly and doesn’t fit in because of the environment around him. Although he is jus t different than the others, he is led to believe that he is a horrific creature. He truly believes that he is a monstrosity of a sight and this is only because of the influences in his immediate environment. It isn’t until he steps out of his negative surroundings that he finally realizes what he truly is. In the three novels, Black Beauty, The Jungle Books, and White Fang, the child figures portrayed are inevitably products of their environment. You can watch each character grow and change with each new experience and set of surroundings. You can see how just the slightest actions or just a few words shape the adult beings that each character becomes. What a better world we would live in if everyone realized that the actions and voices can forever change the life of another being, whether it be human or animal. ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. Feel free to order a custom written essay on White Fang from our professional essay writing service.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Peace According to John Locke and Thomas Hobbes Essay

Peace According to John Locke and Thomas Hobbes - Essay Example Fundamentally, it is human nature that is focused upon in such theories, and this helps to explain the manner in which situations develop through time. Generally, it can be asserted that any theory that applies to society needs to have some kind of perspective on human nature too that would help to explain the situation in which man lives today. Whichever way one views human behavior, the present condition today has to be explained through that particular perspective. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes are two social theorists that took human nature into great consideration in their work, and they each explained the manner in which society developed through this behavior. They also explained how society functions and how things have come to be socially and politically speaking through this behavior. Specifically, one of the their main areas of focus is 'peace' and how human beings up hold the idea of peace. Locke and Hobbes each have interesting views on this subject, and address it in the ir renowned works: John Locke's Second Treatise of Government and Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan. The subject of peace for John Locke in his 'Second Treatise of Government' is viewed from a particular angle. ... t is not a state of licence: though man in that state have an uncontroulable liberty to dispose of his person or possessions, yet he has not liberty to destroy himself" (C H A P. II. Of the State of Nature: Sect. 6). This clearly refers to suicide, and that in a liberal society people are not supposed to take their lives. Locke further asserts that it is wrong to take anyone else's life too. He asserts that man " has not liberty to destroy himself, or so much as any creature in his possession" (C H A P. I I. Of the State of Nature: Sect. 6). If one takes his or her own life or anyone else's, peace in society would be disrupted, as people would be disturbed. Also, others might resort to the same action and worsen the situation. Natural Law: With regard to John Locke's idea above, he bases his reason for this on his explanation of mankind's origin. He asserts that human beings do not have complete freedom to make decisions. Human beings must consider what is right and what they are answerable to. Locke refers to belief in God through this view, and this is evident when he writes about the state of nature. Locke asserts, "The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions: for men being all the workmanship of one omnipotent" (C H A P. II. Of the State of Nature: Sect. 6). Therefore, Locke asserts that whenever one takes a step in society, s/he ought to consider what a higher authority expects of him or her. It needs to be emphasized here that this view requires one to have a firm belief in a superior being. Undoubt edly, it may be asserted that such belief does aim